Multimodality Approach to Problem Solving Cases

Hypophosphatemia: an evidence-based problem-solving approach to clinical cases.

Hypophosphatemia is defined as a serum phosphate level of less than 2.5 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L). Hypophosphatemia is caused by inadequate intake, decreased intestinal absorption, excessive urinary excretion, or a shift of phosphate from the extracellular to the intracellular compartments. Renal phosphate wasting can result from genetic or acquired renal disorders. Acquired renal phosphate wasting sy...

Diagnosis of hypokalemia: a problem-solving approach to clinical cases.

In situations where the cause of hypokalemia is not obvious, measurement of urinary potassium excretion and blood pressure and assessment of acid-base balance are often helpful. A random urine potassium-creatinine ratio (K/C) less than 1.5 suggests poor intake, gastrointestinal losses, or a shift of potassium into cells. If hypokalemia is associated with paralysis, we should consider hyperthyro...

Grammatical Approach to Problem Solving

The paper presents a grammatical approach to problem solving. It supports formal software specification using attribute grammars, from which a rapid prototype can be generated as well the incremental software development. Domain concepts and relationships among them have to be identified from a problem statement and represented as a context-free grammar. The obtained context-free grammar descri...

An Approach for Solving Traveling Salesman Problem

In this paper, we introduce a new approach for solving the traveling salesman problems (TSP) and provide a solution algorithm for a variant of this problem. The concept of the proposed method is based on the Hungarian algorithm, which has been used to solve an assignment problem for reaching an optimal solution. We introduced a new fittest criterion for crossing over such problems, and illu...

A Problem-Solving Approach